The objective of this manuscript is to discuss the possible mechanisms involved in the development of this uncommon presentation and to summarize the current literature related to this clinical scenario.Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is an emerging public health issue with high prevalence among older adults (&gt;60 years old). Taking into consideration the great increase in the elderly population (approximately 7.5 billion worldwide), we can easily understand the impact of this chronic disease and its complications. On the other hand, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is also a serious public health problem with significant impacts and multiple health effects. The correlation between DM and VDD has been suggested and established from many observational studies, reviews, and meta-analyses. The literature in PubMed and Google Scholar was searched for relevant articles published up to October 2020. The keywords used were the following vitamin D deficiency, elderly, and diabetes mellitus type 2. Among the 556 articles retrieved, 90 full texts were eligible and only 34 studies (12 retrospective studies, two prospective cohorts, three meta-analyses, seven cross-sectional studies, nine randomized control trials (RCTs), and depression in the elderly with T2DM is currently insufficiently studied and remains controversial.Peritoneal tuberculosis is a rare disease with increasing incidence in recent years, especially in patients with an immunocompromised state and liver cirrhosis. We report the case of a 37-year-old male with a known history of liver cirrhosis who presented to the hospital with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and was diagnosed with peritoneal tuberculosis. The diagnosis was made based on findings from a CT of the abdomen and histopathological findings of peritoneal tissue biopsy. He was started on ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampin for six months.Birth injuries caused by trauma during the childbirth process are very rare. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sb-505124.html They are a cause of significant neonatal morbidity despite improved obstetric and perinatal care, particularly in developing countries. Our current research, consisting of two newborns with a femur fracture, aims to shed light on their treatment strategy.Ascariasis, which is caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, is the most common gastrointestinal parasitic infection worldwide, with occasional invasion of the biliary tract leading to a variety of complications. In rare cases, pathogens carried on the surface of A. lumbricoides can complicate the course of the disease and lead to superimposed bacterial infections. In this article, we present a case of ascariasis-induced cholangitis complicated with Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia and multiple hepatic microabscesses. This article, which shows an association that was not reported in the literature before, aims to increase the awareness of clinicians for the possibility of the association between ascariasis and superimposed bacterial infection, specifically with K. pneumoniae.Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is rarely associated with statin medications. We describe the case of a 69-year-old woman who developed refractory thrombocytopenia following atorvastatin use. To our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of atorvastatin-induced thrombocytopenia and the first reported case of atorvastatin-induced refractory thrombocytopenia. Additionally, we summarize the cases of statin-induced thrombocytopenia reported in the medical literature.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. The manifestations of COVID-19 infection can range from being asymptomatic to developing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we present a case series of five patients who were either asymptomatic or had very mild symptoms of COVID-19 infection upon diagnosis. These patients neither required a visit to the emergency department (ED) nor did they need to be hospitalized but became symptomatic and were found to have interstitial lung disease four to eight weeks after a COVID-19 diagnosis. Thus, it is imperative that we routinely follow up patients with a subclinical COVID 19 infection besides those who were symptomatic. We may be witnessing a silent surge and new-onset interstitial lung disease (ILD) as sequelae of COVID 19 infection.Hyperplastic polyp of the esophagus is a rare condition and most of the time asymptomatic. We report a case of a 69-year-old female with scleroderma who presented with worsening dysphagia, regurgitation of food, and non-cardiac chest pain. Upper endoscopy showed a nodular lesion in the distal esophagus. Biopsy of the lesion showed features of hyperplastic polyp without any metaplastic changes. She was started on anti-acid therapy and an outpatient upper endoscopy was performed which showed no residual polyp.The thalamus is a complex structure with over 40 named nuclei. Ischemic lesions of the thalamus exhibit a panorama of phenomena ranging from facial numbness to ocular and visual field disturbances to hemiplegia, behavioral disorders, and stupor. It is a dense neuronal hub with a bewildering variety of connections and functions. We present an intriguing case of intermittent vertical diplopia due to an artery of Percheron ischemic infarct of the bilateral paramedian thalami. We seize upon this opportunity to simplify the thalamic nuclei sub-divisions and their vascular supply. In this process, we outline the phenotypic variability of thalamic diplopia and ophthalmoplegia and their various underlying mechanisms.Nocardiosis is an uncommon opportunistic Gram-positive bacterial infection caused by aerobic actinomycetes in the genus Nocardia. Nocardia can cause localized or systemic suppurative diseases involving eyes, kidneys, skin, lungs, bone, and central nervous system. Disseminated nocardiosis is a rare condition, seen among immunocompromised patients. We report the case of a 55-year-old African American, kidney transplant male recipient on maintenance immunosuppression, who was diagnosed with cutaneous and pulmonary nocardiosis. Presenting symptoms were shortness of breath, and bilateral lower extremities pain and swelling. Tissue culture grew Gram-positive bacilli specified as Nocardia farcinica from thigh and gluteal abscesses. CT thorax showed bilateral reticulonodular opacities. The patient was managed with immunosuppression reduction and specific treatment with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in conjunction with linezolid. Combination antibiotics were continued for four weeks, and thereafter, TMP-SMX alone was continued for 12 months, at which point all lesions had healed.